Cutaneous infection by Mycobacterium lentiflavum after subcutaneous injection of lipolytic formula

Abstract The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections is increasing worldwide; by 2017, more than 190 species and subspecies have been documented. Although classically associated with immunosuppression, the recognition of these etiological agents in diseases affecting immunocompetent individuals and in healthcare-associated infections, such as after surgical and cosmetic procedures, makes the study of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these microorganisms relevant in medical practice. Mycobacterium lentiflavum is slow-growing and rarely affects the skin. A case of cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by M. lentiflavum is reported in an immunocompetent patient after subcutaneous injection of a lipolytic compound, treated with clarithromycin and levofloxacin.

Mycobacterium abscessus urinary tract infection: case report / Infecção urinária por Mycobacterium abscessus: relato de caso

Abstract Urinary tract infection is a serious public health issue that predominantly affects women. In men, it is more often associated with prostatic hyperplasia and bladder catheterization. Urogenital tuberculosis presents with nonspecific with nonspecific symptoms and the diagnosis can be made in the presence of sterile leukocyturia and recurrent infection with acid urine. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria or other non-tuberculosis mycobacteria are opportunistic pathogens that inhabit the soil, water or environment surfaces, and usually cause diseases in immunocompromised individuals. Mycobacterium abscessus is an agent that causes lung, skin and soft tissue hospital infections. Urinary tract infections by this pathogen are rare.

Resumo Infecção do trato urinário é um sério problema de saúde pública que acomete predominantemente as mulheres. Em homens, está mais relacionada com hiperplasia prostática e cateterismo vesical. A tuberculose urogenital cursa com sintomas inespecíficos e o diagnóstico pode ser aventado na presença de leucocitúria estéril, e infecção recorrente com urina ácida. Micobactérias não tuberculosas ou mycobacteria other than tuberculosis são patógenos oportunistas que habitam o solo, a água ou superfícies do meio ambiente, e geralmente causam doenças em imunodeprimidos. Mycobacterium abscessus é um agente que causa infecções nosocomiais, pulmonares, de pele e de tecidos moles. Infecção urinária decorrente desse patógeno é considerada rara.

Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections: presumptive diagnosis based on the international microbiological criteria adopted in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, 2011-2014 / Micobacterioses pulmonares: diagnóstico presuntivo pelos critérios microbiológicos internacionais adotados no estado de São Paulo, Brasil, 2011-2014

ABSTRACT Objective: Pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infections are caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), the microbiological diagnosis of which involves the isolation and identification of the same species in at least two sputum samples, one BAL fluid sample, or one lung biopsy sample. The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency at which the various NTM species are identified among selected individuals and in potential cases of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the data on species isolated from respiratory specimens collected from 2,843 individuals between 2011 and 2014. Potential NTM infection cases were identified on the basis of the international microbiological criteria adopted in the state of São Paulo. Results: A total of 50 species were identified using the molecular method PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. Samples collected from 1,014 individuals were analyzed in relation to the microbiological criteria, and 448 (44.18%) had a presumptive diagnosis of pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, the species identified most frequently being, in descending order, Mycobacterium kansasii, M. abscessus, M. intracellulare, M. avium, and M. szulgai. Conclusions: Although various NTM species were identified among the individuals studied, those presumptively identified most frequently on the basis of the microbiological criteria adopted in the state of São Paulo were the ones that are most commonly associated with pulmonary nontuberculous mycobacterial infection worldwide or in specific geographic regions.

RESUMO Objetivo: As micobacterioses pulmonares são doenças causadas por micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNTs), cujo diagnóstico microbiológico envolve o isolamento e a identificação da mesma espécie a partir de pelo menos duas amostras de escarro, uma de lavado brônquico ou uma de biópsia pulmonar. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar as frequências das diferentes espécies de MNTs em indivíduos selecionados e em potenciais casos de micobacterioses pulmonares. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos dados de identificação de espécies isoladas a partir de espécimes clínicos pulmonares de 2.843 indivíduos incluídos no estudo entre 2011 e 2014. A identificação dos potenciais casos baseou-se nos critérios microbiológicos internacionais adotados no estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Um total de 50 espécies foi identificado utilizando-se o método molecular PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. Dos 1.014 indivíduos analisados quanto aos critérios microbiológicos, 448 (44,18%) tiveram o diagnóstico presuntivo de micobacteriose pulmonar, sendo as maiores frequências de casos, em ordem decrescente, Mycobacterium kansasii, M. abscessus, M. intracellulare, M. avium e M. szulgai. Conclusões: Embora tenham sido identificadas diversas espécies de MNTs entre os indivíduos estudados, as que tiveram as maiores frequências de casos presuntivamente identificados pelos critérios microbiológicos adotados no estado de São Paulo foram as que mais frequentemente estão associadas a micobacterioses pulmonares mundialmente ou em várias regiões geográficas.

Cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis with sporotrichoid clinical presentation caused by automotive accident

Abstract: Atypical mycobacterial infections are caused by mycobacteria other than those from the M. tuberculosis complex and M. leprae. Its incidence has increased progressively, with considerable increase of scientific publications on the subject. Only 10% of the cases present with cutaneous infections, most of them related to surgical interventions and aesthetic procedures. We present a case of mycobacteriosis due to automotive accident that presented a diagnostic challenge due to its clinical presentation with lesions of sporotrichoid progression in the lymphatic system.

Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease in a high tuberculosis incidence setting in Brazil / Doença pulmonar por micobactérias não tuberculosas em uma região de alta incidência de tuberculose no Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: The incidence of lung disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing worldwide. In Brazil, there are few studies about nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTMLD), and its prevalence is yet to be known. Our objective was to determine the specific etiology of the disease in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, as well as the frequency and diversity of NTM species in our sample of patients. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients diagnosed with NTMLD treated in a referral center located in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, between 2003 and 2013. Results: Our sample comprised 100 patients. The most prevalent NTM species were Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), in 35% of the cases; M. kansasii, in 17%; and M. abscessus, in 12%. A total of 85 patients had received previous treatment for tuberculosis. Associated conditions included structural abnormalities in the lungs, such as bronchiectasis, in 23% of the cases; COPD, in 17%; and immunosuppressive conditions, such as AIDS, in 24%. Conclusions: MAC and M. kansasii were the most prevalent species involved in NTMLD in the state, similarly to what occurs in other regions of Brazil. Data on regional epidemiology of NTMLD, its specific etiology, and associated conditions are essential to establish appropriate treatment, since each species requires specific regimens. Most patients with NTMLD had received previous tuberculosis treatment, which might lead to development of resistance and late diagnosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: A incidência de doença pulmonar causada por micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT) tem aumentado em todo o mundo. No Brasil, há poucos estudos sobre doença pulmonar por MNT, e sua prevalência ainda não é conhecida. Nosso objetivo foi determinar a etiologia específica da doença no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, bem como a frequência e a diversidade das espécies de MNT em nossa amostra de pacientes. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com doença pulmonar por MNT atendidos em um centro de referência localizado na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, entre 2003 e 2013. Resultados: Nossa amostra foi composta por 100 pacientes. As espécies de MNT mais prevalentes foram Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC, complexo M. avium), em 35% dos casos; M. kansasii, em 17%; e M. abscessus, em 12%. Um total de 85 pacientes havia feito tratamento anterior para tuberculose. Condições associadas incluíram anormalidades estruturais nos pulmões, como bronquiectasias, em 23% dos casos; DPOC, em 17%; e condições imunossupressoras, como AIDS, em 24%. Conclusões: MAC e M. kansasii foram as espécies mais prevalentes envolvidas na doença pulmonar por MNT no estado, à semelhança do que ocorre em outras regiões do Brasil. Dados sobre a epidemiologia regional da doença pulmonar por MNT, sua etiologia específica e condições associadas são fundamentais para se estabelecer um tratamento adequado, já que cada espécie requer um esquema específico. A maioria dos pacientes com doença pulmonar por MNT havia feito tratamento anterior para tuberculose, o que pode levar a desenvolvimento de resistência e diagnóstico tardio.

Treatment of mycobacterium tuberculousis induced with cosmetic injection / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) infection after cosmetic injection via scientific debridement surgery combined with regular application of anti-NTM drugs.Methods 14 patients who were infected with NTM after cosmetic injection and were not cured over a long period of time in other hospitals from 2012 to 2016.The patients were treated with VSD thorough surgical debridement,the bacterial type of NTM was identified by bacterial culture and PCR identification and anti-NTM drugs were systematically used according to the results of drug sensitivity.Results Fourteen patients who were treated with scientific debridement surgeries combined with regular anti-NTM drug treatment in our hospital for 2-4 months were discharged after their skin lesions were cleared and healed and they were continually treated with antiNTM drugs for 12 months.Fourteen patients were completely cured by using the above treatments without severe side effects,such as liver and kidney dysfunction,nervous system disorders and so on.Only colpitis mycotica occurred in 3 patients.In addition,one patient presented the decrease of leukopenia after using anti-NTM drugs for 2 months and continued to complete the treatment after we adjusted the treatment plan to returning the level of leukopenia to the normal.These 14 patients were followed up for 1-5 years with no recurrence of the lesion.The facial appearance of 12 patients were almost normal with slight scars.The facial surgery area of 2 patients were uneven and nearly recovered to normal facial appearance by tissue transplantation and photoelectric therapy.Conclusions For the NTM patients caused by invasive procedures such as injection,the comprehensive treatment program,which combined scientific debridement surgery and systematically targeted drug treatment,not only can effectively cure NTM infection,but also minimize secondary injury and restore the patients' appearance,which is worthy of clinical application.

Pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii: findings on computed tomography of the chest / Alterações na tomografia computadorizada do tórax em pacientes com infecção pulmonar por Mycobacterium kansasii

Abstract Objective: To describe the main tomography findings in patients diagnosed with pulmonary infection caused by Mycobacterium kansasii. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of computed tomography scans of 19 patients with pulmonary infection by M. kansasii. Results: Of the 19 patients evaluated, 10 (52.6%) were male and 9 (47.4%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 58 years (range, 33-76 years). Computed tomography findings were as follows: architectural distortion, in 17 patients (89.5%); reticular opacities and bronchiectasis, in 16 (84.2%); cavities, in 14 (73.7%); centrilobular nodules, in 13 (68.4%); small consolidations, in 10 (52.6%); atelectasis and large consolidations, in 9 (47.4%); subpleural blebs and emphysema, in 6 (31.6%); and adenopathy, in 1 (5.3%). Conclusion: There was a predominance of cavities, as well as of involvement of the small and large airways. The airway disease was characterized by bronchiectasis and bronchiolitis presenting as centrilobular nodules.

Resumo Objetivo: Descrever os achados tomográficos de pacientes com diagnóstico de infecção pulmonar pelo Mycobacterium kansasii. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo dos exames de tomografia computadorizada do tórax de 19 pacientes com infecção pulmonar pelo M. kansasii. Resultados: Dos 19 pacientes avaliados, 10 (52,6%) eram do sexo masculino e 9 (47,4%) eram do sexo feminino. A média de idade do grupo foi 58 anos, com variação entre 33 e 76 anos. As alterações encontradas nos exames de tomografia computadorizada foram distorção arquitetural em 17 pacientes (89,5%), opacidades reticulares e bronquiectasias em 16 (84,2%), cavidades em 14 (73,7%), nódulos centrolobulares em 13 (68,4%), pequenas consolidações em 10 (52,6%), atelectasias e grandes consolidações em 9 (47,4%), bolhas subpleurais e enfisema em 6 (31,6%) e linfonodomegalias em 1 paciente (5,3%). Conclusão: Houve predomínio de cavidades e do padrão de acometimento de pequenas e grandes vias aéreas. A doença de vias aéreas foi caracterizada por bronquiectasias e bronquiolites que se manifestaram como nódulos centrolobulares.

Mycobacterium abscessus skin infection after tattooing - Case report

AbstractMycobacterium abscessus is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that has been affecting people undergoing invasive procedures, such as videosurgery and mesotherapy. This bacterium has global distribution, being found in numerous niches. The frequency of published reports of infection by rapidly growing mycobacteria associated with tattooing procedures has increased in recent years. However, in Brazil there were no case reports of M. abscessus after tattooing in the literature until now. In this paper, we describe the case of a patient with a nine-month history of lesion on a tattoo site. The diagnosis of infection with Mycobacterium abscessus was established by correlation between dermatological and histopathological aspects, culture and molecular biology techniques. The patient had significant improvement of symptoms with the use of clarithromycin monotherapy.

Disseminated cutaneous atypical mycobacteriosis by M. chelonae after sclerotherapy of varicose veins in a immunocompetent patient: a case report

Atypical mycobacteria are saprophytic organisms not transmitted from person to person, which affect mainly immunosuppressed but also immunocompetent individuals. We present a case of atypical mycobacteriosis after a vascular procedure, with widespread cutaneous lesions associated with polyarthralgia. Mycobacterium chelonae was identified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The patient showed improvement after treatment with three antibiotics. Mycobacterium chelonae causes skin lesions after invasive procedures. The clinical form depends on the immune state of the host and on the entry points. The diagnosis is based essentially on culture and the mycobacteria is identified by PCR. We highlight the importance of investigating atypical mycobacteriosis when faced with granulomatous lesions associated with a history of invasive procedures.

Hanseníase multibacilar em paciente transplantado renal: relato de caso / Multibacillary leprosy in a renal recipient patient: a case report

O Brasil é um país onde a hanseníase ainda é um problema de saúde pública, apresentando mais de 30.000 novos casos por ano nos últimos anos. Apesar do crescente número de transplante de órgãos sólidos realizados no país, sobretudo o transplante renal, não são frequentes os relatos dessa micobacteriose em pacientes imunossuprimidos pelas medicações póstransplante. Os autores relatam um caso de hanseníase multibacilar manifestada 12 anos depois do transplante renal, acompanhado desde o diagnóstico, durante a poliquimioterapia, tratamento e seguimento do eritema nodoso hansênico.

Leprosy is still a public health concern in Brazil, where more than 30,000 new cases are detected every year. There are few reports of this mycobacteriosis in imunossupressed pacients, despite the increasing number of solid organ transplantation and the use of post-transplant drugs in this country. The autors describe a case of multibacillary leprosy in a renal transplant recipient, detected 12 years after the procedure, and discuss the therapy, adverse effects and management of leprosy reactions in pacients imunosupressed by drugs.

A Case of Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Infection Complicated by an Esophagomediastinal Fistula in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patient / 대한내과학회지

An esophagomediastinal fistula is rare complication of nontuberculous mycobacterium infection. Here, we report the case of a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with a fever, cough, and dyspnea, and was eventually diagnosed with nontuberculous mycobacterium infection. Computed tomography revealed multiple lymphadenopathy with an esophagomediastinal fistula. The patient was treated with anti-mycobacterial medications and endoscopic fistula closure.

The First Korean Case of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Caused by Mycobacterium abscessus Subspecies bolletii in a Patient with Bronchiectasis / 결핵및호흡기질환

We report the first Korean case of lung diseases caused by Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii in a previously healthy male, except for a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis and bronchiectasis. All serial isolates are identified as M. abscessus subsp. bolletii by multi-locus sequence analysis based on the hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rRNA fragments. At the genetic level, the isolate has the erm(41) gene with a T28 sequevar, associated with clarithromycin resistance, and no rrl mutation. The isolate is resistant to clarithromycin. Although the symptoms and radiographic findings have improved after combination of antibiotics, the follow-up sputum cultures are persistently positive.

Empirical Treatment of Highly Suspected Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections Following Aesthetic Procedures

BACKGROUND: Infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been increasing. Awareness of this infection is crucial yet problematic. Delayed management may lead to destructive results. We empirically treated a series of patients with clinical suspicion of NTM infection prior to the identification of the pathogen. METHODS: A total of 12 patients who developed surgical site infections between January 2011 and February 2014 were reviewed. Patients with a skin and subcutaneous infection resistant to standard management over two weeks, and previous history of aesthetic procedures within three months were regarded as highly suspected of having an NTM infection. A variety of diagnostic modalities were examined simultaneously, along with starting empirical treatment including a combination of clarithromycin and moxifloxacin, and surgical debridement. RESULTS: All wounds healed completely within 4 weeks. The mean follow-up duration was 7.2 months, and none of the patients developed relapse. Specific NTM pathogens were identified in six patients. Eight patients showed caseating granuloma implying an NTM infection. One patient showed an uncommon Stenotrophomonas infection, which was successfully treated. Three patients had no evidence of a pathogen despite repeated microbial tests. Complications such as scarring, pigmentation, and disfigurement were common in all the patients. CONCLUSIONS: NTM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of an unusual skin and soft-tissue infection. We propose an empirical regimen of clarithromycin and moxifloxacin as an efficient treatment option for an NTM infection.

Mycobacterium abscessus Lung Disease in a Patient with Kartagener Syndrome / 결핵및호흡기질환

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is characterized by the congenital impairment of mucociliary clearance. When accompanied by situs inversus, chronic sinusitis and bronchiectasis, PCD is known as Kartagener syndrome. The main consequence of impaired ciliary function is a reduced mucus clearance from the lungs, and susceptibility to chronic respiratory infections due to opportunistic pathogens, including nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). There has been no report of NTM lung disease combined with Kartagener syndrome in Korea. Here, we report an adult patient with Kartagener syndrome complicated with Mycobacterium abscessus lung disease. A 37-year-old female presented to our hospital with chronic cough and sputum. She was ultimately diagnosed with M. abscessus lung disease and Kartagener syndrome. M. abscessus was repeatedly isolated from sputum specimens collected from the patient, despite prolonged antibiotic treatment. The patient's condition improved and negative sputum culture conversion was achieved after sequential bilateral pulmonary resection.

A Fatal Case of Acute Respiratory Failure Caused by Mycobacterium massiliense / 결핵및호흡기질환

Few recent reports have indicated that Mycobacterium massiliense causes various infections including respiratory infection. However, there is scarce information on the clinical significance, natural history of the infection, and therapeutic strategy. This report describes a case of an immunocompetent old man infected by M. massiliense that causes acute respiratory failure. In light of the general courses of non-tuberculous mycobacterium infections, rapid progression and fatality are very rare and odd. In addition, we discuss the biological and pathological properties of M. massiliense with the review of cases reported previously including our fatal one.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Caused by Mycobacterium lentiflavum in a Patient with Bronchiectasis / 결핵및호흡기질환

We report a rare case of lung disease caused by Mycobacterium lentiflavum in a previously healthy woman. A 54-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to chronic cough and sputum. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed bilateral bronchiectasis with bronchiolitis in the right middle lobe and the lingular division of the left upper lobe. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were isolated twice from three expectorated sputum specimens. All isolates were identified as M. lentiflavum by multilocus sequence analysis based on rpoB, hsp65, and 16S rRNA fragments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documented case of M. lentiflavum lung disease in an immunocompetent adult in Korea.

Mycobacterium intracellulare Pleurisy Identified on Liquid Cultures of the Pleural Fluid and Pleural Biopsy / 결핵및호흡기질환

Pleural effusion is a rare complication in non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection. We report a case of Mycobacterium intracellulare pleuritis with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a 69-year-old man presenting with dyspnea. Pleural effusion revealed lymphocyte dominant exudate. M. intracellulare was identified using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and liquid cultures of pleural effusion and pleural biopsy. After combination therapy for M. intracellulare pulmonary disease, the patient was clinically well at a 1-month follow-up.

Risk factors of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection in 489 patients with sputum acid-fast bacilli positive and/or mycobacteria culture positive / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To analyze the risk factors of pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection in sputum acid-fast bacilli positive and/or mycobacteria culture positive patients.Methods One hundred and sixty-three patients with pulmonary NTM infection were recruited from Jan 2006 to Jun 2011 in Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital and 326 patients with sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis who were selected by random systemic sampling method in the same period were recruited as control.The data were retrospectively analyzed.The related factors were compared between groups by chi-square test.The risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection were analyzed by binary Logistic regression model.Results There were statistically significant differences of age,history of smoking,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),bronchiectasis,thin walled cavities focus,purified protein derivative (PPD) test between patients with pulmonary NTM infection and patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (all P＜0.05).Univariate analysis showed that age [45-60year (OR=2.637,95％CI:1.631-4.264; P＜0.001); ＞60 year (OR=4.194,95％CI:2.581-6,813 ; P＜0.001)],history of smoking [10-20 year (OR=1.842,95％CI:1.0843.070; P=0.024),＞20 year (OR=2.040,95％CI:1.167-3.567; P=0.012)],COPD (OR=2.698,95％CI:1.588-4.583; P＜0.001),bronchiectasis (OR=3.566,95％CI:2.343-5.427;P＜0.001),thin walled cavities focus (OR=2.592,95％CI:1.581-4.250; P＜0.001) and a weak-positive reaction of PPD test (OR=2.389,95％CI:1.276-4.472; P=0.006) were all risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection.Multivariate analysis showed that age＞60 year (OR=3.961,95％CI:2.183-7.189 ; P＜0.001),bronchiectasis (OR =3.880,95 ％ CI:2.342-6.487 ; P＜0.001),thin walled cavities focus (OR=2.898,95％CI:1.567-5.360; P＜0.001),COPD (OR=2.503,95％ CI:1.289-4.857; P=0.007),age45-60 year (OR=2.452,95％CI:1.391 4.325; P=0.002)anda weak-positive reaction of PPD test (OR=2.295,95％CI..1.132-4.652; P=0.021) were independent risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection.Conclusion In sputum acid-fast bacilli positive and/or mycobacteria culture positive patients,age≥ 45 year,COPD,bronchiectasis,thin walled cavities focus and a weak-positive reaction of PPD test are risk factors of pulmonary NTM infection.The clinicians should pay close attention to the results of species identification.

Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Lung Disease Caused by Mycobacterium terrae in a Patient with Bronchiectasis / 결핵및호흡기질환

We report a rare case of lung disease caused by Mycobacterium terrae in a previously healthy woman. A 45-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to a chronic cough with sputum. A computed tomography scan of the chest revealed bronchiolitis in conjuction with bronchiectasis in both lungs. Nontuberculous mycobacteria were identified and isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from each lung. All isolates were identified as M. terrae by various molecular methods that characterized the rpoB and hsp65 gene sequences. Antibiotic therapy using clarithromycin, rifampin, and ethambutol improved the patient's condition and successfully resulted in sputum conversion.

A Case of Welder's Lung Disease and Concurred Non-Tuberculotic Mycobacterial Infection Confirmed with Thoracoscopic Lung Biopsy / 결핵및호흡기질환

Pulmonary siderosis, or Welder's lung disease is an occupational lung disease caused by iron-inhalation. Diagnosis of pulmonary siderosis is based on occupational history of the patient, radiologic findings, and pathologic findings of iron-laden macrophages within lung tissue or broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. We observed a case of a 43 years-old welder diagnosed with pulmonary siderosis via thoracoscopic lung biopsy. Sputum culture along with pathology also identified a non-tuberculotic mycobacterial infection with a sputum culture and the pathologic findings. The patient was treated with anti-tubercular medication and cessation of iron-exposure. And his condition improved within a few months.